Everything about Seasonal Lag totally explained
Seasonal lag is the phenomenon whereby the date of maximum average air temperature at a geographical location on a
planet is delayed until some time after the date of maximum
insolation. This also applies to the minimum temperature being delayed until some time after the date of minimum insolation.
Seasonal Lag on Earth
Earth's seasonal lag is largely caused by the presence of large amounts of water, which has a high
latent heat of freezing and of condensation. Its length varies between different
climates, with extremes ranging from as little as 15-20 days (for polar regions in summer) to as much as 2 1/2 months (for low-latitude ocean areas). Interestingly, in many locations, it isn't "seasonally symmetric", that is, the time between the winter solstice and coldest time isn't the same as between the summer solstice and hottest time. In low and middle latitudes, the summer lag is longer, while in polar areas the winter lag is longer. In mid-latitude continental climates, it's approximately 20-25 days in winter and 25-35 days in summer.
San Francisco, for example, has a long seasonal lag of almost three months in the summer, with typical temperatures peaking in mid-September, and October as its second-warmest month. Many areas along North America's west coast have very small winter lag and are characterized by a much more gradual spring warming and rapid autumn cooling.
(External Link
) This is unusual for a location 37° north of the equator, but is caused by the water in the Bay Area surrounding the city on three sides.
Seasonal Lag on other planets
Other planets have different seasonal lags.
Neptune, for instance, has a year that lasts 165 Earth years and a seasonal lag of about 30 Earth years. The gas giants
Jupiter,
Saturn,
Uranus and Neptune, as well as Saturn's moon
Titan, all have substantial seasonal lags corresponding to the equivalent of between two and three months in Earth terms.
Mars and
Venus on the other hand have negligible seasonal lag of no more than a few days, and the same would be expected of
Mercury since it has no atmosphere.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Seasonal Lag'.
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